Climate-Smart Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability in Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined climate-smart agriculture and environmental sustainability in Benue State, Nigeria. The research investigated farmers’ awareness and adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices, assessed the influence of CSA on environmental sustainability, identified adoption challenges, and explored strategies for sustainable agricultural development. The study adopted a mixed-method research design involving a descriptive survey and qualitative approaches. Four Local Government Areas Makurdi, Gboko, Guma, and Otukpo were purposively selected due to their agricultural significance and vulnerability to climate-related environmental challenges. A sample size of 420 respondents comprising farmers, extension officers, and environmental stakeholders participated in the study. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed high awareness of climate-smart agriculture among respondents and significant positive relationships between agroforestry, conservation agriculture, organic farming, sustainable water management, and environmental sustainability. However, poor access to finance, inadequate extension services, and limited technical knowledge constrained adoption. The study concluded that climate-smart agriculture significantly enhances environmental sustainability and rural resilience in Benue State. The study recommended stronger institutional support, financial investment, improved extension services, and sustainable agricultural policies to promote climate adaptation and ecological sustainability.